#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

namespace key
{
	template<class K>
	struct BSTNode
	{
		K _key;
		BSTNode<K>* _left;
		BSTNode<K>* _right;

		BSTNode(const K& key)
			:_key(key)
			, _left(nullptr)
			, _right(nullptr)
		{}
	};

	template<class K>
	class BSTree
	{
		typedef BSTNode<K> Node;
	public:
		bool Insert(const K& key)
		{
			if (_root == nullptr)
			{
				_root = new Node(key);
				return true;
			}

			Node* parent = nullptr;
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					return false;
				}
			}

			cur = new Node(key);
			if (parent->_key < key)
			{
				parent->_right = cur;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_left = cur;
			}

			return true;
		}

		bool Find(const K& key)
		{
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					return true;
				}
			}

			return false;
		}

		bool Erase(const K& key)
		{
			Node* parent = nullptr;
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					// 删除
					// 0-1个孩子的情况
					if (cur->_left == nullptr)
					{
						if (parent == nullptr)
						{
							_root = cur->_right;
						}
						else
						{
							if (parent->_left == cur)
								parent->_left = cur->_right;
							else
								parent->_right = cur->_right;
						}

						delete cur;
						return true;
					}
					else if (cur->_right == nullptr)
					{
						if (parent == nullptr)
						{
							_root = cur->_left;
						}
						else
						{
							if (parent->_left == cur)
								parent->_left = cur->_left;
							else
								parent->_right = cur->_left;
						}

						delete cur;
						return true;
					}
					else
					{
						// 2个孩子的情况
						// 右子树的最小节点作为替代节点
						Node* rightMinP = cur;
						Node* rightMin = cur->_right;
						while (rightMin->_left)
						{
							rightMinP = rightMin;
							rightMin = rightMin->_left;
						}

						cur->_key = rightMin->_key;

						if (rightMinP->_left == rightMin)
							rightMinP->_left = rightMin->_right;
						else
							rightMinP->_right = rightMin->_right;

						delete rightMin;
						return true;
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		}

		void InOrder()
		{
			_InOrder(_root);
			cout << endl;
		}
	private:
		void _InOrder(Node* root)
		{
			if (root == nullptr)
			{
				return;
			}

			_InOrder(root->_left);
			cout << root->_key << " ";
			_InOrder(root->_right);
		}

	private:
		Node* _root = nullptr;
	};
}

namespace keyValue
{
	template<class K, class V>
	struct BSTNode
	{
		// pair<K, V> _kv;
		K _key;
		V _value;
		BSTNode<K, V>* _left;
		BSTNode<K, V>* _right;

		BSTNode(const K& key, const V& value)
			:_key(key)
			, _value(value)
			, _left(nullptr)
			, _right(nullptr)
		{}
	};

	template<class K, class V>
	class BSTree
	{
		typedef BSTNode<K, V> Node;
	public:
		BSTree() = default;

		BSTree(const BSTree<K, V>& t)
		{
			_root = Copy(t._root);
		}

		~BSTree()
		{
			Destroy(_root);
			_root = nullptr;
		}

		bool Insert(const K& key, const V& value)
		{
			if (_root == nullptr)
			{
				_root = new Node(key, value);
				return true;
			}

			Node* parent = nullptr;
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					return false;
				}
			}

			cur = new Node(key, value);
			if (parent->_key < key)
			{
				parent->_right = cur;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_left = cur;
			}

			return true;
		}

		Node* Find(const K& key)
		{
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					return cur;
				}
			}

			return nullptr;
		}

		bool Erase(const K& key)
		{
			Node* parent = nullptr;
			Node* cur = _root;
			while (cur)
			{
				if (cur->_key < key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_right;
				}
				else if (cur->_key > key)
				{
					parent = cur;
					cur = cur->_left;
				}
				else
				{
					// 删除
					// 0-1个孩子的情况
					if (cur->_left == nullptr)
					{
						if (parent == nullptr)
						{
							_root = cur->_right;
						}
						else
						{
							if (parent->_left == cur)
								parent->_left = cur->_right;
							else
								parent->_right = cur->_right;
						}

						delete cur;
						return true;
					}
					else if (cur->_right == nullptr)
					{
						if (parent == nullptr)
						{
							_root = cur->_left;
						}
						else
						{
							if (parent->_left == cur)
								parent->_left = cur->_left;
							else
								parent->_right = cur->_left;
						}

						delete cur;
						return true;
					}
					else
					{
						// 2个孩子的情况
						// 右子树的最小节点作为替代节点
						Node* rightMinP = cur;
						Node* rightMin = cur->_right;
						while (rightMin->_left)
						{
							rightMinP = rightMin;
							rightMin = rightMin->_left;
						}

						cur->_key = rightMin->_key;

						if (rightMinP->_left == rightMin)
							rightMinP->_left = rightMin->_right;
						else
							rightMinP->_right = rightMin->_right;

						delete rightMin;
						return true;
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		}

		void InOrder()
		{
			_InOrder(_root);
			cout << endl;
		}
	private:
		void _InOrder(Node* root)
		{
			if (root == nullptr)
			{
				return;
			}

			_InOrder(root->_left);
			cout << root->_key << ":" << root->_value << endl;
			_InOrder(root->_right);
		}

		void Destroy(Node* root)
		{
			if (root == nullptr)
				return;

			Destroy(root->_left);
			Destroy(root->_right);
			delete root;
		}

		Node* Copy(Node* root)
		{
			if (root == nullptr)
				return nullptr;

			Node* newRoot = new Node(root->_key, root->_value);
			newRoot->_left = Copy(root->_left);
			newRoot->_right = Copy(root->_right);

			return newRoot;
		}

	private:
		Node* _root = nullptr;
	};
}

